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Documentaries & Lectures
In John Henrik Clarke: A Great and Mighty Walk, narrated by Wesley Snipes, Bourne explores the biopic form that has framed much of his work and demonstrates why it is important to tell the stories of exceptional people. As a pioneer in the field of Africana Studies and a leader in the Pan-Africanist movement, John Henrik Clarke proves an apt subject for this project. His visionary scholarship springs to life as old newsreel footage and arresting images of African art act as a compelling counterpoint to Clarke’s wide-ranging ruminations on the history and culture of Africa.
Video Link
Shawn Isaac: (2012, January 24). John Henrik Clarke - A Great and Mighty Walk [video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPTiiP3ZRA8&t=1787s
Dr. Amos Wilson Blueprint for Black Power
Video Link
TransAtlantic Productions: (2017, December 19). Dr. Amos Wilson - Blueprint For Black Power [video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBryieHyFeI&t=556s
Shot in Lagos at the peak of his career in 1982, this documentary contains interviews with Fela detailing his thoughts on politics, Pan-Africanism, music and religion, alongside unpublished versions of songs like ITT, Army Arrangement and Power Show. For all who wish to know more about an artist at the heart of African musical history, Fela Kuti: Music is the Weapon is an essential film.
Video Link:
Kino Lorber: (2022, August 31). Fela Kuti: Music Is The Weapon [video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XtkbruUslw
Museums, Centers & Libraries
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
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Blogs
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SUNUjournal.org
Blackculturalarchives.org
Books
Blueprint for Black Power: A Moral, Political, and Economic Imperative for the Twenty-First Century by Dr. Amos Wilson
African People in World History by Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Africans at the Crossroads: African World Revolution by Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Cheikh Anta Diop And the New Light on African History by Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Garvey and Garveyism by Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Pan-Africanism and the Liberation of Southern Africa: A Tribute to W.E.B. DuBois by Dr. John Henrik Clarke
Featured Content
THE PAN-AFRICAN
In essence, Pan-Africanism is about the restoration of African people to their proper place in world history. However, the objective of Pan-Africanism is not
only the restoration of land and nationhood; it also aims at restoring respect.
Any thought or action on the part of an African person to protect and defend
their concept of culture, history and politics, and to defend their right to self-determination, is an aspect of Pan-Africanism. The action and thought patterns associated with Pan-Africanism date back to the 18th century.
-DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
FEATURED PAN-AFRICAN ACTIVIST & MOVEMENTS
FEATURED NEWSPAPERS
DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
John Henrik Clarke was a
prominent African American historian, educator, and acti-
vist who played a vital role in advancing the study of African
and African American history.
A self-taught scholar, Clarke challenged Eurocentric narra-
tives and emphasized Africa's contributions to world history.
He was a key figure in deve-
loping Africana studies and
helped establish the Dept. of
Black and Puerto Rican Studies
at Hunter College. A committed
Pan-Africanist, Clarke believed
in the unity of African people
globally to overcome the lega-
cies of colonialism and racism.
His scholarship and activism
continue to inspire movements
for African unity and racial justice.
HENRY SYLVESTER WILLIAMS
Henry Sylvester Williams was
a Trinidadian lawyer, activist,
and one of the key figures in
the early Pan-African movement.
He is best known for organizing
the First Pan-African Conference
in 1900 in London, which brought together activists from Africa, the Caribbean, and the United States
to discuss issues facing people
of African descent worldwide. Williams advocated for African
self-determination, racial equality,
and the end of colonialism. His
work laid the foundation for
future Pan-African movements
and leaders, making him a
significant figure in the global struggle for Black liberation.
DR. AMOS WILSON
Dr. Amos Wilson was an
influential African American psychologist, social theorist,
and author known for his
focus on Black empowerment
and the psychology of African
Americans. His work centered
on the social, economic, and
political challenges facing
Black communities, stressing
self-awareness, education,
and collective action as keys to overcoming oppression. His
most notable book, Blueprint
for Black Power, provides a
detailed strategy for Black self-sufficiency and autonomy. A
strong advocate of Pan-Africanism, Wilson emphasized unity and
self-determination for people
of African descent, believing that collective action was essential
to overcoming the legacies of colonialism and systemic racism.
FELA KUTI
Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician, composer, and political activist
who played a pivotal role in pro-moting Pan-Africanism through
his music and activism. Known
as the pioneer of Afrobeat, a
genre blending traditional African rhythms with jazz and funk, Fela
used his music to address social
and political issues, particularly
the struggles against colonialism, corruption, and oppression in
Africa. A fierce critic of Nigeria's military regime and other African
dictatorships, Fela's lyrics often called for African unity and self-determination. He believed in
the power of culture and music
to inspire political consciousness
and solidarity among people of African descent.
THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATION
The African Association, founded
in 1897 by Trinidadian lawyer and activist Henry Sylvester Williams,
was one of the first modern Pan-African organizations. It aimed
to unite Africans and the African diaspora in the fight against colonialism, racism, and social
injustice. The organization played
a key role in organizing the first
Pan-African Conference in 1900
in London, which brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from Africa, the Caribbean, and
the United States to discuss global
Black issues and promote solidarity among African communities.
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONFERENCE
The Pan-African Conference
of 1900, held in London, was the
first major international gather-
ing focused on the issues facing
Africans and people of African
descent worldwide. Organized
by Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinidadian lawyer and activist,
the conference aimed to address colonialism, racism, and the
social injustices faced by Black
people globally. Delegates from
Africa, the Caribbean, the United States, and Europe attended,
including notable figures like
W.E.B. Du Bois. The conference
laid the groundwork for future
Pan-African movements and emphasized the need for unity
and solidarity among Africans
and the African diaspora in the
fight for equality and justice.
THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 in Jamaica, became one of the largest Black nationalist movements in history.
The UNIA promoted Black pride, economic independence, and unity among people of African descent worldwide. Garvey's message of
self-reliance and the creation
of an independent Black nation resonated with millions, especially
in the U.S., Caribbean, and Africa.
The UNIA also established busi-nesses, including the Black Star
Line shipping company, to foster
trade between Africa and the
diaspora. At its peak, the UNIA had millions of members, solidifying Garvey's legacy as a symbol of Black empowerment and Pan-Africanism.
THE PAN-AFRICAN
CONGRESSES 1-5
The Pan-African Congresses
were a series of meetings held
be-tween 1919 and 1945 that
played a crucial role in the development of the Pan-African movement. These congresses
brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from
Africa, the Caribbean, Europe,
and North America to discuss
the liberation of African colonies
and the rights of people of African descent. The first Pan-African Congress, held in 1919 in Paris,
was organized by W.E.B. Du Bois
and addressed the injustices faced
by Africans under colonial rule. Subsequent congresses, particu-
larly the 1945 Pan-African Congress
in Manchester, England, were instru-mental in galvanizing support for African independence movements
and laying the groundwork for
decolonization across the continent. The congresses emphasized the
need for unity among African
nations and peoples and inspired
future leaders in the fight for racial equality and political liberation.
THE INTERNATIONAL
FRIENDS OF ABYSSINIA
The International Friends of
Abyssinia was an organization established in response to
the Italian invasion of Ethiopia
(then Abyssinia) in 1935. It was founded by a coalition of activists, intellectuals, and political leaders
from Africa, the Caribbean, and
Europe who sought to support Ethiopia in its struggle against
Italian aggression. The group
aimed to raise awareness about
the injustice of the invasion and
to mobilize international support
for Ethiopia's sovereignty. The organization also highlighted
the broader implications of
fascist expansionism for African
and colonial peoples, linking the Ethiopian struggle to the global
fight against colonialism and imperialism. The International
Friends of Abyssinia played a
crucial role in galvanizing
anti-colonial sentiment and
advocating for the rights of
African nations during a critical
period in global history.
THE INTERNATIONAL
AFRICAN SERVICE BUREAU
The International African Service Bureau (IASB), founded in 1937
in London by African and Carib-
bean intellectuals like George Padmore, C.L.R. James, and Amy Ashwood Garvey, aimed to raise awareness about colonial oppres-
sion and advocate for African
and Caribbean rights. The IASB campaigned against colonial
abuses, supported labor strikes,
and promoted social and political reforms. It served as a platform
for discussing strategies to end
colonial rule and advance African independence. The IASB played
a key role in the Pan-African move-ment, influencing future leaders
and movements in Africa and
the Caribbean.
THE PAN-AFRICAN
FEDERATION
The Pan-African Federation (PAF)
was established in 1944 by African
and Caribbean activists, including George Padmore and Kwame
Nkrumah. Formed in Manchester, England, the organization aimed
to unite Africans and people of
African descent worldwide in the struggle against colonialism and
racial oppression. The PAF was instrumental in organizing the
1945 Pan-African Congress, which played a significant role in
galvanizing support for African independence movements and promoting the idea of Pan-African unity. The federation's efforts laid
the groundwork for future anti-
colonial activism and the eventual liberation of African nations.
THE 5TH PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS
The 5th Pan-African Congress
took place in Manchester, England, from October 15 to 21, 1945. It was
a pivotal event in the Pan-African movement, bringing together key African and Caribbean leaders, including Kwame Nkrumah, W.E.B.
Du Bois, and Jomo Kenyatta. The congress marked a turning point
in the fight against colonialism, as delegates demanded an immediate end to colonial rule in Africa and
the Caribbean. The 5th Congress
also emphasized the importance
of unity among African nations
and people of African descent worldwide, laying the foundation
for the decolonization movements
that swept across Africa in the following decades.
DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
Dr. John Henrik Clarke was a prominent
African American historian, educator, and acti-
vist who played a vital role in advancing the study
of African and African American history. A self-taught scholar, Clarke challenged Eurocentric nar-ratives and emphasized Africa's contributions to world his-tory. He was a key figure in developing Africana studies and helped establish the Dept. of Black and Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College.
A committed Pan-Africanist, Clarke believed in the unity of African people globally to overcome the legacies of colonialism and racism. His scholarship
and activism continue to inspire movements for
African unity and racial justice.
HENRY SYLVESTER WILLIAMS
Henry Sylvester Williams was a Trinidadian
lawyer, activist, and one of the key figures
in the early Pan-African movement. He is best
known for organizing the First Pan-African Conference in 1900 in London, which brought together activists from Africa, the Caribbean,
and the United States to discuss issues facing people of African descent worldwide. Williams advocated for African self-determination, ra-
cial equality, and the end of colonialism. His
work laid the foundation for future Pan-African movements and leaders, making him a significant figure in the global struggle for Black liberation.
DR. AMOS WILSON
Dr. Amos Wilson was an influential African
American psychologist, social theorist and author known for his focus on Black empowerment and
the psychology of African Americans. His work centered on the social, economic, and political challenges facing Black communities, stressing
self-awareness, education, and collective action
as keys to overcoming oppression. His most no-
table book, Blueprint for Black Power, provides
a detailed strategy for Black self-sufficiency and autonomy. A strong advocate of Pan-Africanism, Wilson emphasized unity and self-determination
for people of African descent, believing that collective action was essential to overcoming
the legacies of colonialism and systemic racism.
FELA KUTI
Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician, composer,
and political activist who played a pivotal role in promoting Pan-Africanism through his music and activism. Known as the pioneer of Afrobeat, a genre blending traditional African rhythms with jazz and funk, Fela used his music to address social and political issues, particularly the struggles against colonialism, corruption, and oppression in Africa.
A fierce critic of Nigeria's military regime and other African dictatorships, Fela's lyrics often called for African unity and self-determination. He believed
in the power of culture and music to inspire politi-
cal consciousness and solidarity among people of
African descent.
THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATION
The African Association, founded in 1897 by Trinidadian lawyer and activist Henry Sylvester Williams, was one of the first modern Pan-African organizations. It aimed to unite Africans and
the African diaspora in the fight against colo-nialism, racism, and social injustice. The organi-zation played a key role in organizing the first Pan-African Conference in 1900 in London,
which brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from Africa, the Caribbean, and the U.S. to discuss global Black issues and promote solidarity among African communities.
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONFERENCE
The Pan-African Conference of 1900, held
in London, was the first major international gathering focused on the issues facing
Africans and people of African descent
worldwide. Organized by Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinidadian lawyer and activist,
the conference aimed to address colonialism, racism, and the social injustices faced by
Black people globally. Dele-gates from Africa,
the Caribbean, the United States, and Europe attended, including notable figures like W.E.B.
Du Bois. The conference laid the ground-
work for future Pan-African movements and emphasized the need for unity and solidarity among Africans and the African diaspora in
the fight for equality and justice.
THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOC.
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 in Jamaica, became one of the largest Black nationalist movements in history. The UNIA promoted Black pride, economic independence, and unity among people of African descent worldwide. Garvey's message of self-reliance
and the creation of an independent Black nation resonated with millions, especially in the U.S., Caribbean, and Africa. The UNIA also estab-
lished businesses, including the Black Star Line shipping company, to foster trade between
Africa and the diaspora. At its peak, the UNIA
had millions of members, solidifying Garvey's legacy as a symbol of Black empowerment
and Pan-Africanism.
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESSES 1-5
The Pan-African Congresses were a series of
meetings held between 1919 and 1945 that
played a crucial role in the development of
the Pan-African movement. These congresses brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from Africa, the Caribbean, Europe,
and North America to discuss the liberation
of African colonies and the rights of people of African descent. The first Pan-African Congress, held in 1919 in Paris, was organized by W.E.B.
Du Bois and addressed the injustices faced
by Africans under colonial rule. Subsequent
congresses, particularly the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester, England, were instru-mental in galvanizing support for African independence movements and laying the groundwork for decolonization across the con-tinent. The congresses emphasized the need
for unity among African nations and peoples
and inspired future leaders in the fight for
racial equality and political liberation.
THE INTERNATIONAL
FRIENDS OF ABYSSINIA
The International Friends of Abyssinia was an organization established in response to the
Italian invasion of Ethiopia (then Abyssinia) in
1935. It was founded by a coalition of activists, intellectuals, and political leaders from Africa,
the Caribbean and Europe who sought to
support Ethiopia in its struggle against Italian aggression. The group aimed to raise awareness about the injustice of the invasion and to mobilize international support for Ethiopia's sovereignty.
The organization also highlighted the broader implications of fascist expansionism for African
and colonial peoples, linking the Ethiopian
struggle to the global fight against colonialism
and imperialism. The International Friends of Abyssinia played a crucial role in galvanizing
anti-colonial sentiment and advocating for the rights of African nations during a critical
period in global history.
THE INTERNATIONAL
AFRICAN SERVICE BUREAU
The International African Service Bureau (IASB), founded in 1937 in London by African and Carib-bean intellectuals like George Padmore, C.L.R. James, and Amy Ashwood Garvey, aimed to raise awareness about colonial oppression and advo-
cate for African and Caribbean rights. The IASB campaigned against colonial abuses, supported labor strikes, and promoted social and political reforms. It served as a platform for discussing strategies to end colonial rule and advance
African independence. The IASB played a key
role in the Pan-African movement, influencing future leaders and movements in Africa and
the Caribbean.
THE PAN-AFRICAN FEDERATION
The Pan-African Federation (PAF) was estab-
lished in 1944 by African and Caribbean activists, including George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah. Formed in Manchester, England, the organization aimed to unite Africans and people of African descent worldwide in the struggle against co-
lonialism and racial oppression. The PAF was instrumental in organizing the 1945 Pan-African Congress, which played a significant role in galvanizing support for African independence movements and promoting the idea of Pan-
African unity. The federation's efforts laid the groundwork for future anti-colonial activism
and the eventual liberation of African nations.
THE 5TH PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS
The 5th Pan-African Congress took place in Manchester, England, from October 15 to 21,
1945. It was a pivotal event in the Pan-African movement, bringing together key African and Caribbean leaders, including Kwame Nkrumah, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Jomo Kenyatta. The congress marked a turning point in the fight against colo-nialism, as delegates demanded an immediate
end to colonial rule in Africa and the Caribbean.
The 5th Congress also emphasized the impor-
tance of unity among African nations and people
of African descent worldwide, laying the foun-dation for the decolonization movements that swept across Africa in the following decades.
THE PAN-AFRICAN
In essence, Pan-Africanism is about the restoration of African
people to their proper place in world history. However, the objective of Pan-Africanism is not only the restoration of land and nationhood;
it also aims at restoring respect. Any thought or action on the part
of an African person to protect and defend their concept of culture, history and politics, and to defend their right to self-determination,
is an aspect of Pan-Africanism. The action and thought patterns associated with Pan-Africanism date back to the 18th century.
-DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
FEATURED PAN-AFRICAN ACTIVIST & MOVEMENTS
FEATURED NEWSPAPERS
THE PAN-AFRICAN
In essence, Pan-Africanism is about the restoration
of African people to their proper place in world history. However, the objective of Pan-Africanism is not only
the restoration of land and nationhood; it also aims at restoring respect. Any thought or action on the part of
an African person to protect and defend their concept
of culture, history and politics, and to defend their right
to self-determination, is an aspect of Pan-Africanism.
The action and thought patterns associated with
Pan-Africanism date back to the 18th century.
-DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
FEATURED PAN-AFRICAN ACTIVIST & MOVEMENTS
FEATURED NEWSPAPERS
DR. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE
Dr. John Henrik Clarke was a prominent
African American historian, educator, and
activist who played a vital role in advancing
the study of African and African American
history. A self-taught scholar, Clarke chal-
lenged Eurocentric narratives and empha-
sized Africa's contributions to world history.
He was a key figure in developing Africana
studies and helped establish the Dept. of
Black and Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College. A committed Pan-Africanist, Clarke believed in the unity of African people glo-
bally to overcome the legacies of colonialism
and racism. His scholarship and activism
continue to inspire movements for African
unity and racial justice.
HENRY SYLVESTER WILLIAMS
Henry Sylvester Williams was a Trinidadian lawyer, activist, and one of the key figures in
the early Pan-African movement. He is best known for organizing the First Pan-African Conference in 1900 in London, which brought together activists from Africa, the Caribbean,
and the United States to discuss issues facing people of African descent worldwide. Williams advocated for African self-determination, ra-
cial equality, and the end of colonialism. His
work laid the foundation for future Pan-African movements and leaders, making him a signi-ficant figure in the global struggle for
Black liberation.
DR. AMOS WILSON
Dr. Amos Wilson was an influential African American psychologist, social theorist and
author known for his focus on Black empower-ment and the psychology of African Americans. His work centered on the social, economic
and political challenges facing Black commu-nities, stressing self-awareness, education,
and collective action as keys to overcoming oppression. His most notable book, Blueprint
for Black Power, provides a detailed strategy
for Black self-sufficiency and autonomy. A
strong advocate of Pan-Africanism, Wilson emphasized unity and self-determination for people of African descent, believing that col-lective action was essential to overcoming the legacies of colonialism and systemic racism.
FELA KUTI
Fela Kuti was a Nigerian musician, composer,
and political activist who played a pivotal
role in promoting Pan-Africanism through his music and activism. Known as the pioneer of Afro-beat, a genre blending traditional African
rhythms with jazz and funk, Fela used his
music to address social and political issues, particularly the struggles against colonialism, corruption, and oppression in Africa. A fierce critic of Nigeria's military regime and other African dictatorships, Fela's lyrics often call-
ed for African unity and self-determination.
He believed in the power of culture and music
to inspire political consciousness and soli-
darity among people of African descent.
THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATION
The African Association, founded in 1897 by Trinidadian lawyer and activist Henry Sylvester Williams, was one of the first modern Pan-African organizations. It aimed to unite Africans and the African diaspora in the fight against colonialism, racism, and social injustice. The organization played a key role in organizing the first Pan-
African Conference in 1900 in London, which brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from Africa, the Caribbean, and the
U.S. to discuss global Black issues and pro-
mote soli-darity among African communities.
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONFERENCE
The Pan-African Conference of 1900, held in London, was the first major international gath-ering focused on the issues facing Africans
and people of African descent worldwide. Orga-nized by Henry Sylvester Williams, a Trinidadian lawyer and activist, the conference aimed to address colonialism, racism, and the social injustices faced by Black people globally. Dele-gates from Africa, the Caribbean, the United States, and Europe attended, including notable figures like W.E.B. Du Bois. The conference laid
the ground-work for future Pan-African move-ments and emphasized the need for unity and solidarity among Africans and the African dia-
spora in the fight for equality and justice.
THE UNIVERSAL NEGRO
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 in Jamaica, became one of the largest Black
nationalist movements in history. The UNIA promoted Black pride, economic indepen-
dence, and unity among people of African
descent worldwide. Garvey's message of self-reliance and the creation of an independent
Black nation resonated with millions, espe-
cially in the U.S., Caribbean, and Africa. The
UNIA also established businesses, including
the Black Star Line shipping company, to foster
trade between Africa and the diaspora. At its
peak, the UNIA had millions of members, soli-difying Garvey's legacy as a symbol of Black empowerment and Pan-Africanism.
THE PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESSES 1-5
The Pan-African Congresses were a series
of meetings held between 1919 and 1945
that played a crucial role in the development
of the Pan-African movement. These congresses brought together activists, intellectuals, and leaders from Africa, the Caribbean, Europe,
and North America to discuss the liberation
of African colonies and the rights of people
of African descent. The first Pan-African
Congress, held in 1919 in Paris, was organized
by W.E.B. Du Bois and addressed the injustices faced by Africans under colonial rule. Subse-
quent congresses, particularly the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester, England,
were instrumental in galvanizing support for
African independence movements and laying
the groundwork for decolonization across
the continent. The congresses emphasized
the need for unity among African nations and peoples and inspired future leaders in the
fight for racial equality and political liberation.
THE INTERNATIONAL FRIENDS OF ABYSSINIA
The International Friends of Abyssinia was
an organization established in response to
the Italian invasion of Ethiopia (then Abyssinia)
in 1935. It was founded by a coalition of acti-
vists, intellectuals, and political leaders from Africa, the Caribbean and Europe who sought
to support Ethiopia in its struggle against
Italian aggression. The group aimed to raise awareness about the injustice of the invasion
and to mobilize international support for Ethiopia's sovereignty. The organization also highlighted the broader implications of fascist expan-sionism for African and colonial peoples,
linking the Ethiopian struggle to the global
fight against colonialism and imperialism.
The International Friends of Abyssinia played
a crucial role in galvanizing anti-colonial senti-ment and advocating for the rights of African nations during a critical period in global history.
THE INTERNATIONAL AFRICAN
SERVICE BUREAU
The International African Service Bureau
(IASB), founded in 1937 in London by
African and Caribbean intellectuals like
George Padmore, C.L.R. James, and Amy Ashwood Garvey, aimed to raise awareness
about colonial oppression and advocate
for African and Caribbean rights. The IASB
campaigned against colonial abuses, sup-
ported labor strikes, and promoted social
and political reforms. It served as a platform
for discussing strategies to end colonial
rule and advance African independence.
The IASB played a key role in the Pan-African movement, influencing future leaders and movements in Africa and the Caribbean.
THE PAN-AFRICAN FEDERATION
The Pan-African Federation (PAF) was
established in 1944 by African and Carib-
bean activists, including George Padmore
and Kwame Nkrumah. Formed in Manchester, England, the organization aimed to unite
Africans and people of African descent
worldwide in the struggle against coloni-
alism and racial oppression. The PAF was instrumental in organizing the 1945 Pan-
African Congress, which played a significant
role in galvanizing support for African inde-pendence movements and promoting the
idea of Pan-African unity. The federation's
efforts laid the groundwork for future anti-colonial activism and the eventual liberation
of African nations.
THE 5TH PAN-AFRICAN CONGRESS
The 5th Pan-African Congress took place
in Manchester, England, from October 15
to 21, 1945. It was a pivotal event in the
Pan-African movement, bringing together
key African and Caribbean leaders, inclu-
ding Kwame Nkrumah, W.E.B. Du Bois, and
Jomo Kenyatta. The congress marked a
turning point in the fight against colonialism,
as delegates demanded an immediate end
to colonial rule in Africa and the Caribbean.
The 5th Congress also emphasized the
importance of unity among African nations
and people of African descent worldwide,
laying the foundation for the decolonization movements that swept across Africa in the
following decades.